International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences

The “International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences” (IJAB) is a Quarterly (January-March; April-June; July-September; October-December) published by the Unique Scientific Publishers. This journal is peer reviewed and open access journal that publishes high-quality original research articles, review articles, short communications, and clinical articles/case reports in the area of Agriculture, Veterinary/Animal Sciences and allied disciplines, etc. The IJAB publishes the articles/manuscripts those contribute significantly to the knowledge in the field of agrobiological sciences. Preference is given to the original articles that develop new concepts or experimental approaches and are not merely repositories of scientific data.

1. The purpose of IJAB is to publish the original research papers, review articles, clinical articles/case reports, and short communications that contribute significantly to the knowledge in the field of Agrobiological Sciences.
2. English is the official language of this Journal.
3. Preference will be given to original articles that develop new concepts or experimental approaches and is not merely repositories of scientific data.
4. To verify originality, submitted manuscript will be checked by any originality detection service. Keeping Similarity Index >19% and also Similarity Index from any single source >5% at the time of submission of the manuscript is the responsibility of authors, however, the management of the IJAB will try to examine it, if found, manuscript is liable to be rejected.
5. The decision of acceptance/rejection of publication lies with the Editor that will be based on the recommendations of the Editorial Board members, and/or invited reviewers.
6. Manuscripts are not rejected except for technical reasons/ethical issues, but authors would be given chance to improve poor English or grammatical mistakes.
Authors can withdraw their manuscripts at any stage from submission to acceptance, however, it will be impossible when published online.

It is the responsibility of the Editor, IJAB and the Unique Scientific Publishers to take reasonable steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred. In no case the Editor, IJAB and the Unique Scientific Publishers will encourage such misconduct, or knowingly allow such misconduct to take place. If such misconduct case has been reported then Editor, IJAB and the Unique Scientific Publishers will deal with allegations appropriately.
Authors are required to go through the document “Publication Ethics and Policies of the IJAB” before submission of the manuscript. The management of the IJAB is committed to maintain a high academic standard and is unbiased to any religious, nationality and ideological issue. This journal is purely research-based. Thus, we are impartial to anyone.Only those manuscripts are considered for publication in the IJAB, the contents of which have not been published and are not being considered for publication in any other journal and prepared keeping all the Ethical guidelines suggested by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). It is assumed that all named authors agree with the contents and form of the manuscript and are responsible for the validity and originality of data presented in the manuscript.
Any behavior contrary to this ethics including plagiarism is unacceptable; the manuscript will be removed from our website and the employer of the author (s) will be asked for strict action against such person (s). Thus, it is the responsibility of the author (s) to ensure that their submitted work does not interfere with any existing copyright material.

The contents of the manuscript published in the IJAB are the opinions of the authors. Consequently, neither the Editor nor the Publisher (Unique Scientific Publishers) are responsible for the opinions expressed/deduced or plagiarism committed by the author (s).

1. IJAB is following strictly that all submitted articles will undergo peer review with objective judgments.
2. Manuscripts are sent for Peer-review to reviewers’ expert in the field.
3. The Reviewers should not have any conflict of interest; if yes, it is their moral duty to return the manuscript to the Editor without reviewing.
4. Double-Blind Peer Review is the prime policy of the IJAB; neither reviewers know to whom paper belongs to nor authors know who reviewed their paper. Both identities are masked. To facilitate this, authors must ensure that their manuscripts are prepared in such a way that they do not reveal their identities to reviewers, either directly or indirectly.
5. Authors are encouraged to provide 3 to 4 names of leading scientists in the major field of the study. Include his/her name, designation, official postal address (University/Institute/Company, City, Country, Postal Code), official email address, and telephone/fax number.
6. It is not necessary that reviewers are selected from the list provided by the authors, however, approaching the reviewers by authors will lead to rejection.

Ethical guidelines are developed keeping the standards defined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Authors must write Bioethical statement at the start of the Materials and Methods section. Ethics Committee or Bioethics/Biosecurity Committee/Institutional Bioethics Committee approval is mandatory when human or animal/bird subjects/samples are involved in the research. In addition to this approval, authors must have written consent from patients (or relatives/guardians) before submitting the manuscript to the IJAB. It is taken for granted that the anonymity of the personals involved in research will be maintained.
All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines and should be carried out in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and associated guidelines (UK Animal Act 1986) or EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (EU Directive 2010), or the US Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and, as applicable, the Animal Welfare Act.

1. Submission declaration and verification: Submission of an article to the IJAB indicates that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract in any seminar/conference proceedings, a published lecture or academic thesis, (see ‘Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication’ for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere (with any other journal), that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder.
2. The major scientific accomplishment/novelty of the study should be stated in the Cover Letter.
3. Submission requires metadata for all authors including their email address, postal address, telephone/fax number along with ORCiD (Open Research and Contributors Identification). ORCiD allows the creation of unique digital identifiers (ORCiD IDs) for the researcher, facilitating international identification of the researcher and his/her publications. Authors may register themselves at https://orcid.org/. It is free.
4. The author (s) is/are responsible for all the statements and concepts contained in the manuscript.
5. For the preparation of the manuscript, use the A4 page size and Times New Roman 12 with 1″ margin on all sides.
6. Use 1.5 space throughout the text, including the Abstract and References while Tables be arranged at a single space.
7. The pages must be numbered serially on the lower right-hand corner, beginning from the title page.
8. All pages must have continuous line numbering.
9. The Research Articles must contain the following sections: Title, Abstract (about 250 words comprised of purpose of study, methods, results, and conclusion) followed by 4-5 Keywords, Introduction (containing the respective Literature review and rationale of the study), Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgements and Authors’ Contributions.
10. Duplication of results in Tables/Figures or in text is not allowed.
11. Review Articles could be comprised of appropriate headings and subheadings.
12. IJAB encourages the use of EndNote software (a commercial reference management software package, used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles) for writing references. Only references closely related to the author’s work are allowed for citation.
13. References: Citations to journal’s articles should be cited in the text as Qasem (2022) or (Qasem, 2022), Daba & Mekonnen (2022), or (Daba & Mekonnen, 2022), Degla et al., (2022) or (Degla et al., 2022). Name of all authors be written, and the name of the Journal be written in full in the list of references. The list of references at the end of the manuscript must be arranged alphabetically and each reference in the list must appear in the following form:

Bowlin, W.F., Simpson, H., Renner, C.J., Rives, J.M., Midda, M., Field, J., & Curry, S. (2003). A DEA study of gender equity in executive compensation. Journal of the Operation Research Society, 54(7),
751–7.

Heponiemi, T., Elovainio, M., Pentii, J., Virtanen, M., Westerlund, H., Virtanen, P., … Vahtera, J. (2010). Association of contractual and subjective job insecurity with sickness presenteeism among public sector employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52(8), 830–5.

Platt, T. (2008). Emotional responses to ridicule and teasing: Should gelotophobes react differently? Humor: International Journal of Humour Research, 21(2), 105–128. doi: 10.1515/HUMOR. 2008.005

Citation to books/book chapter, monographs, proceedings, or thesis must include: 1) author(s) or editor(s); 2) year of publication, 3) title, 4) edition, 5) Publisher and place of publication (city, country) and 6) beginning and final page numbers of the relevant chapter, as shown below:

Maio, G.R., & Haddock, G. (2015). The psychology of attitudes and attitude change. (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

Hinton, D.P., & Stevens-Gill, D. (2016). Psychometrics in organisational settings. In A. Attrill & C. Fullwood (Eds.), Applied cyberpsychology: Practical applications of cyberpsychological research and theory (pp. 236–255). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

14. Some journals abbreviate the name of the journals, thus abbreviation to International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences will be Int J Agric Biosci (IJAB).
15. Figures and Tables be kept minimum. All the figures and tables must be referred in the text where appropriate.
16. Illustrations, graphs, photographs will be named as Figures; identified by Arabic numerals like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc…. The figures are supplied as digitized in .JPG or .JPEG or.JPEG or .TIF or.TIFF with at least 300 dpi.
17. Tables must be identified by Arabic numerals like Table 1, Table 2, etc… and must not exceed one page (A4 size) and be arranged after the reference section, however, must be separated.
18. A completely ready manuscript may be submitted through the submission system (Submissions). Get registered first and get password; then follow the instructions given via the submission system or sent the ready manuscript as an email attachment to editor@ijagbio.com.
19. Any type of inquiry can be submitted to the concerned quarters via the system (contact-us).
20. Articles that are not recommended for publication will be archived, however, authors will be notified why the paper was not approved.
21. Authors’ contributions: To qualify for the authorship of the submitted manuscript, every listed author must have made substantial intellectual contribution. Please try one of the below examples or make your own.
1. For multiple authors: RH, RE, and CNO conceived and designed the experiment. CW, ML, and BA performed the study and RE carried out the lab analyses. RH supervised and coordinated the experiments and provided clinical data. CNO performed statistical analyses of experimental data. RE and CW prepared the draft of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version.
2. For two or three authors: All authors contributed equally to the conception, execution, data collection, data analysis and writing of the manuscript and critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version.
20. Acknowledgments: Authors are encouraged to acknowledge financial support from any source, parent institute, sponsoring agency, etc. Such acknowledgment must be with the grant number. May be any colleague/professional has helped in data analysis or language improvement, must be recognized.
22. Changes to authorship: Authors are expected to carefully consider the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript. The management of IJAB will stick to the original list and order of authors provided at the time of submission. However, if it is deemed necessary, request of such change be addressed to the Editor by the corresponding author along with following information i) the reason for the addition/deletion in author list or re-arrangement in the list of authors, and ii) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed. Only in exceptional circumstances the Editor will consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted.
23. Proofs of accepted manuscript are sent to authors for proof-reading. The authors are required to return within 72 hours.
24. No reprints will be supplied to the authors. All articles are published with Open Access, hence freely available on the website (ijagbio.com), thus, can be downloaded without any cost.

All authors must declare any financial and personal relationships with other people or institutions/organizations that could unsuitably affect their research work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, friendship/kinship, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert evidence, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. All authors, including those without competing interests to declare, should create a declaration of competing interest statement (which, where relevant, may specify they have nothing to declare).

1. The Management of the IJAB strongly believes in Open Access Policy, therefore, after publication, all contents are open for everybody without any cost. However, each accepted manuscript is levied publication charges @ US$ 200. These publication charges are meager to cover the cost of web hosting and maintenance, peer review, administration and management, professional production of articles, and dissemination of published papers to various corners in addition to other publishing functions.
2. Publication charges are payable at post-acceptance, once paid and the Management of the IJAB has published the article online, then no refund is possible.
3. Full or partial waiver to publication charges is available to authors belonging to developing countries on case-to-case basis.