International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences

The “International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences ” (IJAB) is a Quarterly Journal (January-March; April-June; July-September; October-December) published by the Unique Scientific Publishers . This peer-reviewed and open-access journal publishes high-quality original research articles, review articles, short communications, and clinical articles/case reports in the area of Agriculture, Veterinary/Animal Sciences and allied disciplines. The IJAB publishes articles/manuscripts that contribute significantly to knowledge in the agricultural and biological sciences field. Preference is given to the original articles that develop new concepts or experimental approaches and are not merely repositories of scientific data.

Editorial Policy

1. English is the official language of this journal.
2. The purpose is to publish original research papers, review articles, clinical articles/case reports, and short communications that contribute significantly to the knowledge in the field of Agriculture and Biological Sciences.
3. Preference is given to original articles that develop new concepts or experimental approaches and are not merely scientific data repositories.
4. The decision of acceptance/rejection of publication lies with the Editor that is based on the recommendations of the Editorial Board members and invited reviewers.
5. Manuscripts are not rejected except for technical reasons/ethical issues, but authors would be given a chance to improve poor English or grammatical mistakes.
6. Authors can withdraw their manuscripts at any stage, from submission to acceptance. However, it is impossible if published online.

Disclaimer by the Editor/Publisher

The contents of the manuscript published in the IJAB are the opinions of the authors. Consequently, neither the Editor nor the Publisher (Unique Scientific Publishers ) is responsible for the views expressed/deduced or for plagiarism committed by the author (s).

Manuscript Reviewing Policy

It is being clarified that all submissions to IJAB  are subjected to the peer-review process. IJAB follows a double-blind peer-review process. Manuscripts are sent for obtaining advice on individual manuscripts from reviewers’ experts in the field who are not part of the journal’s editorial staff. IJAB management neither guarantees short or very short peer review process times nor acceptance on submission of the manuscript. For more clarity read the following points about peer reviewing process:

1. IJAB has a strict policy that all submitted articles will undergo a peer review process with the objective of judgment.
2. Double-Blind Peer Review is the prime policy of the IJAB; neither reviewers nor authors know to whom the manuscript belongs nor who reviewed their manuscript. Both identities are masked. To facilitate this, authors must ensure that their manuscripts are prepared so that they do not reveal their identities to reviewers, either directly or indirectly.
3. Manuscripts are sent for Peer-review to reviewers’ experts in the field in the country and abroad.
4. If the reviewers have any conflict of interest, then it is their moral duty to return the manuscript to the Editor without reviewing it.
5. Authors are encouraged to provide 3 to 4 names of leading scientists in the major field of study. Include their name, designation, official postal address (University/Institute/Company, City, Country, Postal Code), official email address, and telephone/fax number. The provided list will go to our database of reviewers with their subject experts.
6. Reviewers don’t need to be selected from the list provided by the authors; however, approaching the reviewers by authors will lead to rejection.

Ethical Guidelines

Authors are encouraged to go through the Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statements  mentioned by the management of IJAB. These ethical guidelines are developed keeping the standards defined by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE ). Authors must write a Bioethical statement at the start of the Materials and Methods section. Ethics Committee or Bioethics/Biosecurity Committee/Institutional Bioethics Committee approval is mandatory when human or animal/bird subjects/samples are involved in the research. In addition to this approval, authors must have written consent from patients (or relatives/guardians) before submitting the manuscript to the IJAB. It is taken for granted that the anonymity of the personals involved in research will be maintained.

All animal experiments should comply with the ARRIVE guidelines  and should be carried out in accordance with the UK Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 and associated guidelines (UK Animal Act 1986 ) or EU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (EU Directive 2010) , or the US Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and, as applicable, the Animal Welfare Act .

Author’s Guidelines and Responsibilities

1. Submission declaration and verification: Submission of an article to the IJAB indicates that
2. a) The work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract in any seminar/conference proceedings, a published lecture or academic thesis, (see ‘Multiple, redundant or concurrent publications’  for more information),
3. b) Manuscript is not under consideration for publication elsewhere (with any other journal), and
4. c) Manuscript publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright holder.
5. The major scientific accomplishment/novelty of the study should be stated in the Cover Letter.
6. Submission requires meta-data for all authors, including their email address, postal address, telephone/fax number, along with ORCiD (Open Research and Contributors Identification). ORCiD allows the creation of unique digital identifiers (ORCiD IDs) for the researcher, facilitating international identification of the researcher and their publications. Authors may register themselves at https://orcid.org/ . It is free.
7. The author (s) is/are responsible for all the statements and concepts in the manuscript.
8. For the preparation of the manuscript, use the A4 page size and Times New Roman 12 with a 1″ margin on all sides.
9. Use 1.5 spaces throughout the text, including the Abstract and References, while Tables be arranged in a single space.
10. The pages must be numbered serially on the lower right-hand corner, beginning from the title page.
11. All pages must have continuous line numbering.
12. The Research Articles must contain the following sections: Title, Abstract (about 250 words comprised of purpose of study, methods, results, and conclusion) followed by 4-5 Keywords, Introduction (containing the respective Literature review and rationale of the study), Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Conflict of Interest, Acknowledgements and Authors’ Contributions.
13. Duplication of results in Tables/Figures or in the text is not allowed.
14. Review Articles could be comprised of appropriate headings and subheadings.
15. IJAB encourages using EndNote software (a commercial reference management software package used to manage bibliographies and references when writing essays and articles) for writing references. Only references closely related to the author’s work are allowed for citation.
16. References: Citations to the journal’s articles should be cited in the text as Qasem (2022) or (Qasem, 2022), Daba & Mekonnen (2022), or (Daba & Mekonnen, 2022), Degla et al. (2022) or (Degla et al., 2022). The name of all authors be written, and the name of the journal be written in full in the list of references. The list of references at the end of the manuscript must be arranged alphabetically, and each reference in the list must appear in the following form:

Bowlin, W.F., Simpson, H., Renner, C.J., Rives, J.M., Midda, M., Field, J., & Curry, S. (2003). A DEA study of gender equity in executive compensation. Journal of the Operation Research Society, 54(7), 751–7.

Heponiemi, T., Elovainio, M., Pentii, J., Virtanen, M., Westerlund, H., Virtanen, P., … Vahtera, J. (2010). Association of contractual and subjective job insecurity with sickness presenteeism among public sector employees. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52(8), 830–5.

Platt, T. (2008). Emotional responses to ridicule and teasing: Should gelotophobes react differently? Humor: International Journal of Humour Research, 21(2), 105–128. doi: 10.1515/HUMOR. 2008.005

Citation to books/book chapter, monographs, proceedings, or thesis must include: 1) author(s) or editor(s); 2) year of publication, 3) title, 4) edition, 5) Publisher and place of publication (city, country) and 6) beginning and final page numbers of the relevant chapter, as shown below:

Maio, G.R., & Haddock, G. (2015). The psychology of attitudes and attitude change. (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

Hinton, D.P., & Stevens-Gill, D. (2016). Psychometrics in organizational settings. In A. Attrill & C. Fullwood (Eds.), Applied cyberpsychology: Practical applications of cyberpsychological research and theory (pp. 236–255). London: Palgrave Macmillan.

14. Figures and Tables be kept minimum. All the figures and tables must be referred to in the text where appropriate.
15. Illustrations, graphs, and photographs will be named as Figures, identified by Arabic numerals like Fig. 1, Fig. 2, etc. The figures are supplied as digitized in JPG or JPEG or TIF or TIFF with at least 300 dpi.
16. Tables must be identified by Arabic numerals like Table 1, Table 2, etc., and must not exceed one page (A4 size) and be arranged after the reference section; however, they must be separated.
17. A completely ready manuscript may be submitted through the submission system (Submissions). Get registered first and get a password; then follow the instructions via the submission system or send the ready manuscript as an email attachment to editor@ijagbio.com .
18. Any query can be submitted to the concerned quarters via the system (contact-us ).
19. Articles that are not recommended for publication will be archived. However, authors will be notified why the paper was not approved for publication.
20. Authors’ contributions: Please read the document “Authorship and contribution-ship ” on the IJAB website, where it details who qualifies for authorship. To qualify for the authorship of the submitted manuscript, every listed author must have made a substantial intellectual contribution. Please try one of the below examples or make your own.

For multiple authors: RH, RE, and CNO conceived and designed the experiment. CW, ML, and BA performed the study, and RE conducted lab analyses. RH supervised and coordinated the experiments and provided clinical data. CNO performed statistical analyses of experimental data. RE and CW prepared the draft of the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved the final version.

For two or three authors: All authors contributed equally to the conception, execution, data collection, data analysis, and writing of the manuscript and critically revised the manuscript, and approved the final version.

 Acknowledgments

Authors are encouraged to acknowledge financial support from any source, parent institute, sponsoring agency, etc. The such acknowledgment must be with the grant number. Any colleague/professional who has helped in data analysis or language improvement must be recognized.

 Changes to authorship

Authors are expected to consider the list and order of authors carefully before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider (at their discretion) the addition, deletion, or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been submitted, and the authors must send any such request to the Editor. An editor will ensure that all authors have agreed with any such addition, removal, or rearrangement in written form. Authors take collective responsibility for the work. Each author is accountable for ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.

Proofs and Reprints

Proofs of accepted manuscripts are sent to authors for proofreading. The authors are required to return within 72 hours.

All articles are published with Open Access under the CC BY-NC-ND license , hence freely available on the website (ijagbio.com), thus, can be downloaded without any cost. Therefore, no reprints will be supplied to the authors.

Conflict of Interest

All authors must declare any financial and personal relationships with other people or institutions/organizations that could unsuitably affect their research work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, friendship/kinship, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert evidence, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. All authors, including those without competing interests to declare, should create a declaration of competing interest statement (which, where relevant, may specify they have nothing to declare).

Publication charges

1. The Management of the IJAB strongly believes in Open Access Policy; therefore, after publication, all contents are open publicly without any cost. However, each accepted manuscript is levied publication charges @ US$ 200. These publication charges are meager to cover the cost of web hosting and maintenance, peer review, administration and management, professional production of articles, and dissemination of published papers to various corners, in addition to other publishing functions.
2. Publication charges are payable post-acceptance; once paid and the Management of the IJAB has published the article online, no refund is possible.

A full or partial waiver to publication charges is available to authors from developing countries on a case-to-case basis.