International Journal of Agriculture and Biosciences

This study was performed to investigate the variations of acid-base balance, blood gases and hematobiochemical panels in camels with intestinal obstruction. Thirteen dromedary camels with obstructions of the intestines were used, with 15 healthy controls. Bilateral enlargement of the abdomen was the most common sign in the diseased camels. Abdominal sonography revealed intestinal enlargement, and 4 of the diseased camels had peritoneal effusions. The pH value was lower, while the concentration of PCO2 was significantly higher than healthy group. The concentrations of HCO3 and TCO2 were also significantly higher versus healthy camels. However, the concentration of lactic acid was significantly lower than healthy camels. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphopenia were the only noticeable hematological changes in diseased camels. The concentrations of the total proteins increased above the levels in healthy camels. In contrast, the serum concentration of albumin was significantly low in diseased. Significant hyperglycemia was evident compared to controls. The serum activities of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK) were significantly higher in diseased versus healthy group; however, the serum activity of the enzyme γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was significantly lower. In conclusion, when compared to the picture of healthy camels, a moderate metabolic acidosis, was found in camels with intestinal obstruction. Opposite, lactate levels were significantly elevated in diseased camels. Neutrophilic leukocytosis with lymphopenia was the only noticeable hematological change. However, several blood metabolites differed including hypoalbuminemia, hyperglycemia, decreased serum activity of GGT and increased serum activities of ALP, AST and CK.

Keywords: Camel, Acid-base balance, Blood gases, Biomarkers, Intestinal obstruction.

In the last two years, Peruvian coffee production has been affected by the high cost of fertilizers. In the Selva Central region, 25% of coffee plantations are organic. To explore new technologies, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of humic acids and biofertilizers on the yield and sensory quality of two coffee varieties: Castillo and Catuaí. The study used an AxB factorial design with 10 repetitions, resulting in 8 treatments. All treatments received lime (200g dolomite/plant) and organic soil fertilization (120N-80P2O5-150K2O kg/ha) using Isla guano and potassium sulfate. The variables evaluated were nodes/plant, number of cherry trees/node, cherry tree yield/plant, dry parchment coffee yield (qq/ha), yield percentage, and sensory quality. The results showed that humic acids positively influenced all evaluated variables in both varieties, with the Castillo variety performing better. Castillo had 12.78 nodes/branch, 20.56 fruits/node, 3.2kg cherry/plant, 53.38qq dry parchment/ha, and 76.13% yield. Catuaí had similar responses, with 9.00 nodes/branch, 14.33 fruits/node, 2.1kg cherry/plant, 35.07qq dry parchment/ha, and 76.93% yield. Trichoderma positively influenced the weight of 100 cherry trees and yield percentage in both varieties. Sensory quality scores ranged from 81 to 84 points, with the highest scores for Castillo (83.67) and Catuaí (83.58) when treated with humic acids. The lowest values in both yield and sensory quality were obtained without biofertilizer. In conclusion, organic fertilization complemented with humic acids is a promising technology for improving coffee production and quality in organic plantations.

Keywords: Organic coffee; Fertilizers; Humic acids, Biofertilizers, Quality.

Shrimp is an export commodity that has great potential in regional and international markets due to increasing demand every year. It is supported by the promotion of intensive and super-intensive cultivation; however, this method could be more efficient. Both can trigger stressful conditions and reduce water quality. The main problems in shrimp cultivation are low feed efficiency, decreased water quality, and vibriosis outbreaks. The proposed solution to this problem is to use anti-vibrio activity probiotics. This study aimed to determine the anti-vibrio activity of Bacillus spp. bacteria isolated from shrimp. Total of six Bacillus spp. strains isolated from the intestines of Jerbung shrimp Fenneropenaeus merguiensis (De Man, 1888) tested for anti-vibrio activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio alginolyticus using the Kirby Bauer agar diffusion method. The research results showed that the Bacillus strains identified included Bacillus subtilis strain JR1 [RL.20], Bacillus cereus strain EGU510 [UM 16.1], Bacillus pseudomycoides strain LU2 [GS 14.1], Bacillus cereus strain 24 [GS 14.2], Bacillus pseudomycoides strain LU2 [GS 14.3], and Bacillus sp. strain Z96 [RS 19.1]. All strains of Bacillus spp. effectively inhibit pathogenic Vibrio bacteria, including six, four and two strains, producing anti-Vibrio parahaemolyticus, anti-Vibrio harveyi and anti-Vibrio alginolyticus activity, respectively. In conclusion, several strains of Bacillus spp. very effective in inhibiting pathogenic bacteria including Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio alginolyticus.

Keywords: Anti-Vibrio Activity, Bacillus spp, Probiotic Bacteria, Vibriosis.

Sunn hemp and biostimulants have been used for animal feed corn production in large fields. The sunn hemp crop is grown initially on rotation and the biostimulant is applied to the sunn hemp and corn plantation. In the current study, the field was divided into 4 experimental designs (No. 1–No. 4) with 5 data collection periods. The physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil in each test plot were determined. The results showed that the soil with the highest organic matter was in field No.1 (1.23%) during corn growing and in field No. 2 (1.34%) during corn growing with biostimulant application at corn age 3 weeks. In addition, the soil in field No.2 had the highest total N (0.62 g.kg-1) and the highest bacterial colonization (1.27107 CFU). The seed germination test showed that the biostimulant significantly increased the root length (from 1.6 to 9.1cm) and shoot length (from 2.9 to 5.2cm) of the corn seed after soaking for 17 h compared to the unsoaked seed. Corn physiology in fields No.1 and 2 had the significantly highest corn ear insertion height (71.6–73.9cm) compared to that in field No. 4 (51.1cm). In conclusion, sunn hemp performed well as a green manure and a source of organic matter. Furthermore, the biostimulant effectively increased the fertility of the soil by increasing total N and the corn ear insertion height during corn production. The cost-effectiveness was discussed of using sunn hemp with a biostimulant to improve the corn yield.

Keywords: Sunn hemp, Biostimulant, Animal feed corn, Soil property.

The study of the highly heritable human fingerprint patterns has been applied in personal identification, crime detection, disease diagnosis and analysis of population characteristics. Results of several studies on the mode of inheritance and the number of loci involved in fingerprint determination have been discordant. In this study, fingerprint patterns and foot patterns were obtained from a total of 127 individuals from the Yoruba, Igbo and Ibibio ethnic populations of Nigeria. Frequency of occurrence, patterns of segregation and linkage analysis on fingerprint patterns and foot types were analyzed within the ethnic groups and combined groups. The study showed the ulna loop to be the most prevalent print pattern type while accidental whorl was least observed among the ethnic groups evaluated. The traits were linked in 4 groups in the Yoruba ethnic group, 4 linkage groups in the Igbo ethnic group and 3 linkage groups in Ibibio. The linkage map for fingerprints pattern and foot types revealed 4 linkage groups when data from all ethnic groups were pooled together, the largest spanning 323.9 cM. Segregation of most of the print pattern evaluation showed segregation of the traits mainly in a 1:1 and 1:3 expected ratios at 5% level of significance. This information provides an insight into the genetics of fingerprint patterns and foot types in these ethnic groups, a precursor to understanding the forensics and genetic structure of the Nigerian populations based on the studied traits.

Keywords: Forensic, Dermatoglyphics, Ridge count, Accidental whorl, Arch, Inheritance pattern.

One of the indicators of sustainable development of regions is the forest cover of territories, which tends to decrease in recent decades. Increasing forest cover in low-forested regions is possible through agroforestry to conserve and rationalize natural resources, including biodiversity. Implementing agroforestry programs relies on selecting tree and shrub species adapted to specific growing conditions. Theoretical and practical challenges in agroforestry are significantly addressed by the dendrological collections of the Nizhnevolzhskaya Station for Selection of Tree Species (NSSDP), a branch of the Federal Research Center for Agroecology under the Russian Academy of Sciences. Established over 90 years ago, these collections comprise trees and shrubs from diverse ecological and geographical zones. As a result of extensive research conducted over several years, a conceptual framework for enriching the dendroflora of artificial plantations was developed. The study revealed that the Rosaceae family had the highest number of taxa, with a decline from 100 taxa in 1985 to 46 in 2023. Other prominent families included Buxaceae, Ephedraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Jingoaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Liliaceae, Polygonaceae, Scrophulaceae, Simarubaceae, Solanaceae. It was found that the number of species in the collections decreased to 175 (77 genera), respectively, and the number of families in the structure decreased by 31%. The share of families represented by one species increased – Tamaricaceae, Moraceae, Rhamnaceae. Adaptive capabilities, longevity and reproductive capacity of woody plants, allows predicting changes in species composition and trends in the transformation of dendrological collections. The principles for mobilizing gene pool biodiversity are outlined to facilitate the effective management of bioresource collections of trees and shrubs. Profitability of nursery production of adapted gene pool of tree species is related to the potential volumes of sale of planting material in the course of activities on creation of agroforestry plantations within the framework of forest-climatic projects on afforestation on lands of different purposes and categories. At the Nizhnevolzhskaya station for this purpose the areas for growing poplars (by 13%), pine (by 285%), oak (by 100%) with closed and open root system were increased. The availability of own mother plantations of adapted trees and shrubs is a competitive advantage and allows us to expand the range of planting material and promptly respond to the requests of customers with different needs.

Keywords: Management, collections; Biodiversity; Trees; Shrubs; Adaptation; Introduction; Mobilization; Agroforestry.

Sustainable agricultural production is a key objective for enhancing food security and safeguarding human health. This study investigates the impact of soilless agricultural systems on plant disease incidence and crop yield, specifically in cucumber plants, compared to traditional soil-based farming methods. The study collected data on these two styles of farming from farms in hot areas. Environmental parameters, including temperature and humidity, as well as irrigation water electrical conductivity (EC) and pH, were monitored to assess their suitability for plant growth. Maximum recorded temperatures of 45°C and humidity levels of 68% in greenhouses reflected conditions conducive to plant disease development. In soilless systems, the observed plant diseases included downy mildew and anthracnose with moderate severity (severity index of 2), whereas traditional systems exhibited a broader spectrum of diseases, including fungal, bacterial, viral, and nematode infections. Crop yield under soilless systems reached 89,435.5tons/ha, significantly higher than the 46,341.6tons/ha achieved in traditional systems. The findings suggest that soilless agricultural systems can reduce the need for disease control measures and substantially increase crop production. The study recommends adopting soilless systems, particularly in regions experiencing rising temperatures due to climate change, to effectively manage plant diseases and enhance agricultural productivity.

Keywords: Soilless agricultural systems, Traditional systems, Plant disease, Environmental conditions, Cucumber plants, Plant production.

The study aimed to monitor the various watercourses affected by similar technogenic impacts and select controlled hydrochemical parameters. Sampling and testing were performed in accordance with GOST 31861-2012 standards, with a focus on wastewater from a coal mine and natural water from receiving water bodies. However, we observed significant seasonal variations in water quality, with certain pollutants like manganese, sulfates, and suspended solids surpassing the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in both spring and fall. The study also revealed that pollutants could accumulate in the bottom layers of water bodies and resurface during different periods, potentially leading to seasonal increases in pollution levels. The findings indicate that the wastewater treatment at the coal mining site generally meets regulatory standards. However, observed the significant seasonal variations in water quality, with certain pollutants like manganese, sulfates, and suspended solids surpassing the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in both spring and fall. The study also revealed that pollutants could accumulate in the bottom layers of water bodies and resurface during different periods, potentially leading to seasonal increases in pollution levels. It is important to consider the cumulative effect of pollutants in the bottom layers, which can resurface during different periods. Data on pollutants in sediments can help predict pollution increases in different seasons. Additionally, the monitoring network should include sampling points above the anthropogenic object to account for upstream pollution from industrial, municipal, and agricultural sources.

Keywords: Water bodies; Pollution; Anthropogenic factor; Monitoring; Monitoring program.

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is the most common malignancy in dogs. This is a rare case report described in the literature of extragenital transmissible venereal tumors. A 5-year-old male crossbred dog was brought to Kasetsart Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Kamphaeng Saen, presenting with subacute progression post-paresis within five days. A cauliflower-like mass with bloody discharge was found on the penis. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an intradural-extramedullary mass on the right side of the T10-11 area. A right hemilaminectomy of T10-T11 and durotomy were performed to excise the abnormal mass. The biopsy result revealed a round cell tumor suggestive of a transmissible venereal tumor. After the operation for 84 days, the dog entirely recovered without recurrent signs. We provide practical information on the diagnosis and clinical management of canine spinal cord TVTs in a dog.

Keywords: Dog, Spinal cord tumor, Transmissible venereal tumor.

The primary objective of this research is to enhance soil fertility, peanut yield, and quality by implementing bio-nitrogen-fixing microorganisms in combination with organic manures. The study evaluated the effectiveness of Enterobacter asburiae strain RA5.MM (EA strain RA5.MM) and vermicompost (VT) in conjunction with two types of irrigation water (IW) [river water (RW) and deep well water (DWW)] on soil properties, plant growth, yield, quality, and arsenic (As) accumulation in peanuts. The field study was conducted in An Phu District, An Giang Province, Vietnam, and involved three factors: (1) two VT application rates (0.0 and 10 t ha^-1); (2) two inoculation methods for EA strain RA5.MM (inoculated and non-inoculated); and (3) two irrigation water types (RW and DWW), with four replications. The results of the research indicated that inoculating with EA strain RA5.MM and applying 10 t ha-1 of VT and RW irrigation enhanced soil fertility and improved peanut yield components. The study also showed that EA strain RA5.MM reduced arsenic absorption in peanut plants and decreased arsenic accumulation in peanut stems and grains. Specifically, the fresh pod productivity of peanuts was higher with the 10 t ha-1 VT application, EA strain RA5.MM inoculation and RW irrigation, compared to treatments without EA strain RA5.MM inoculation and DWW irrigation, by 11.0, 14.3, and 23.4%, respectively. Additionally, the arsenic content in the 10 t ha-1 VT application, EA strain RA5.MM inoculation and RW irrigation treatments were reduced by 9.96, 12.4, and 39.2% in stems, and 12.9, 15.7, and 30.2% in seeds, respectively, compared to treatments without VT application, EA strain RA5.MM inoculation and DWW irrigation. The EA strain RA5.MM effectively reduced arsenic uptake in peanut stems and seeds, improved soil fertility, and promoted peanut growth, yield, and quality. Its resistance to arsenic is increasingly linked to the addition of vermicompost and arsenic-free irrigation water, which are promising techniques for cultivating crops in arsenic-contaminated conditions. Furthermore, EA strain RA5.MM has the potential to develop bio-organic fertilizers for future crop production.

Keywords: Arsenic, Peanut, EA strain RA5. MM, Vermicompost, Deep well water, River water.